PSG has now won the season-opening trophy on fourteen separate times.
The Parisian giants needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect penalty shootout to overcome Marseille in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable win in the showdown featuring the French league winners and the French Cup holders after the French winger found the scoring in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side fired twice late to take a surprise advantage. Initially, Mason Greenwood scored from the penalty spot, before the defender unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital leveler in the dying seconds to send the match into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the hero, stopping decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 penalty win.
The record winners PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the last thirteen seasons.